Oil burner



Nov. 3, 1925- Nov. 3; 1925.

R. L. DORAN oIL BURNER Filed June 24, 1925 4 sheets-sheet 2 izda/Mo@ R.L. DORAN OIL BURNER Nov. 3,1925. 1,559,559

' Filed June 24, 1925 4v Sheets-Sheet :5`

Patented Nov. 3, 1925. I

, UNITED sflfarls-sr ROBERT L. DORAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

on. BURNER.

Application led .Tune 24,

ToaZl whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I. ROBERT L. DouAN,

va citizen of the United` States of America. and a resident of Chicago,in the county Nof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Oil Burners, of which the following is aspecification.

'This invention relates to oil burners intended for continuous operationthroughout a season but provided with a Ithermostatic control devicewhich regulates the burner to` operate with either a lo.w fiame or a.high flame according to changes in the temperature of the heated space.

The objects of the invention are toI pro- Vide an improved burner ofthis type'in order to always maintain a heated burnerhead so that whenthe supply of fuel to the burner is increased up to the normal runningrequirements, proper' conditions fory good combustion. will exist. Bythis means someA objections to intermittentlyv operated 'oil burners areavoided. Assuming that efficient- `combustion does not take place untilthe fuel is gasified 'and raised to the ignition temperature by heat, itis n ecessaryto provide means for promptly heating'thefuelas it arrivesat the burner-head, otherwise operating/conditions a-re'nconstant tosuch-an Aextent .that `there is considerable escape ofunconsumed fuel,upon startingoperations .beforesutlicient heat is generated to gasifythejfuel as required for efficient combustion. Thus with intermittentlyoperated burners without means for-heating the initially dis? chargedfuel, considerable time is ,required before proper conditions=areibro'ught about for eiicient operation of the burner.

It is" also the pur ose of theinvention to provide an improved burnerwhich operates y natural draft when burning low and utilizes a forceddraft only when an increase, in heat is required. It is also an objectof the invention t0 provide improvements in the valve operating meanswhereby the valve for controlling the su ply of fuel may.' be shiftedfrom a partial y open position to a more fully open position when theburner I changes over from thenatural draft foperation to forced draftoperation.l A further purpose of the in ventionjisl to provide such avalve operating mechanism 'which automatically operates to permit thevalve to move to fully closed sition in casel of, failure of correctoperation of the burner.

The purposes of the invention are accom- '1925. Serial No. 39,290.

plished by a construction, as illustrated in the drawings, in which:

Figure I is a plan vie-W of the entire burner and operating mechanismtherefor.

Figure 2 isa sectional detail of the hurner.

head taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figures 3 and 4 are fragmentary side views of the construction shown inFigure 1.

Figure-5 is an'end view taken from the left of Figure 1. i

Figure 6 is an enlarged d-etail partly in section of the valve operatingmeans shown in Figure 5.-

Figures 'Tand 8 are fragmentary details relating to automatic means forstopping the action of the burner as viewed in the direction indicatedby arrows 7 and 8, Figure 6.

Figure 9 isa sectional detail of the fuel supplyA controlling valve and'operating means therefor taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 6.

Figure 10s a plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 9.

One mam characterlstic of the burner herein described is that itoperates under` natural draft according to some predetermined minimumheat requirements. and

change in conditionsof -operation is there-v forepnot sofextreme aswiththe intermittently operated burners wherein there 'is a suddendischarge of atomized fuel into a cold burner-head and properope-ratingconditions cannot .be obtained until some time after startingan Operation as it is necessary for the fuelto'absorb a great-quantityof heat before it is', properlyconditioned for efficient combustion.4Another feature of the improved construction is that the automatic meansfor stopping the operation of the burner, incase o a diaphragm foroperating a shut-off valve and avoids the necessity of other forms ofmovable shut-off meansk which are liable to leak at. a\packing. A

In carrying out the invention Vas illustrated in the drawings, fuel issupplied unfalure ofI ignition, includes der pressure through conduit 1(Figure 1) v 'from which it flows through a yvalve housing '2 (Figure 9)past theI valve 3 into diaphragm chamber 4 and from there through thepassageway 5 to the conduit 6 leading to the burner. `The valve 3 isurged toward its closed position by a spring 7 but is normally shaft t).mines thenunuuum flow ot' the fuel and imum quantity ot prevented fromclosing`- by a cani 8 on a The setting ofvthis valve deterwhen in thisposition the operation of the burner is simply the lulu-ning ot thisminimum supply ot fuel as it leaves the outlet end 10 of conduit 6, theair being drawn into the hurner-hcad 11 through the tuhe 1Q surroundingthe fuel conduit and connnunieating with a fan casing 13 having an airinletopening.:` 14, The burning ot this minfuel under the natural draftcreated thereby furnishes a moderate quantity of heat and also serves tokeep the hurner ll in a heated condition so that the t'uel deliveredthereto will rapidly v-aporize, therefore. when the flow of fuelisinereased to normal the operating conditions are not so had as with alburner which is i'iern'iitted to get cold at intervals between times ofnormal operation. The burner is under thermostatic control for thepurpose ot shitting valve #l to its more open position when more heatisrequired. 'lhe 'thermostatic control apparatus is not illustrated inthe drawings as it includes a standard construction of electromagnetiemeans under the control of a thernjiostat for turning on and off theswitch ot' the motor. 'lhis electroniagnetie means is included in easingl5 in which casing a switch is also mounted tor controlling theoperation of an electric motor 16 (Figure il) At'or driviu; r a hlower17. 'lhe switch operating mea-ns in casing l5 serves to rotate shaft.At) extending therefrom, 180 degrees at each operation. 'lhus when thethermostatic control means closes the motor switch h v rotating shat'tl). IS() degrees t'rom the '/.ero position shown in Figure t), the tlatpart 18 o'f cam 8 moves awav trom the nut 19 at the end of the stem olvalve il, and the higher circular part o|` the cam presses the nutinwardl' and shifts the valve to its more open position. thus allowinLra greater tlow of t'uel to the hnruer. At the same time motor It; isstarted operating the lfan within the hlower housing l7 and forcingadditional air through the tuhe l2 to the hurnerhead as required for.efficient combustion at. the increased rate of fuel supply. When thethermostatic control device etlects an other halt turn of shaft. 9 whenthe room temperature tor which it is set is reached. flat part. 18 ot'cani 8 comes opposite the'nut t9 and the valve returns to its normalposition, as shown in Figure 9, under action of its spring 7. The valvehousing 2 is completely sealed at one end hy 'plug l'ltl against whichspring 7 seats and at the opposite end hv a diaphragm 20 clamped to thevalve housingI hy ring 2l and screws 99.. 'lhe valve stein Q3 has ashoulderL 24 hearing against one side of the diaphragm and carries thenut itl at its end` hearing against `the `op-v posite side ot thedial'ihragm. Thepurpose Vpendent upon unhurned fuel draining a iackedheal-in r. Packing would likewise :L r.

interfere with the free movement of the valve under the action ot' itsspring.

'lhecam 8 is splined to shaft 9 as illus trated in Figure 6 so that thecam may rotate with the shaft (i but still he capable of longitudinalmovement along the 'key way 'lhe purpose ot' this construction is topermit the cam to slide along the shattf), under certain conditions`entirely away from nut 1t) on the end ot the valve stem and thus permitthe valve and diaphragm Q0 to' move rto the right (Figure 9) where thevalve hecomes seated and prevents all flow et fuel from supply conduit 1to the conduct 6 leading to slide away r:from the nut 19. along theshaft 9 hy a spriner Q6 hut is normally prevented from so moving hy arod 9.7 in the hollow end et sha'tt 9 and carrying a pin QS passingthrough the key way 25 and hearing on the le'l't side of cam 8. At itsopposite end rod 27 hears against a knob Q9 on the up er end ot a`vertical rod 80. This rod is hel(` in the position in which it is shownin Figure (l h v a spring 31 hearing between the loyer arm 32 ot' thehearing hraeklet. 33 for rod 30. and

a collar let secured to the rod h v a Set screw. A weight S5 is slidahlealong therod 30 hut normally held in its upper position by latch lt. ltthis latch is shifted away from heneath the weight fll the latter dropsand when it strikes collar 34 shifts the rod downwardly a sullicientextent to release rod 27,

permitting it to move outwardly along thev hollow part ot shaft t) underthe action of the burner. The cam 8 is urged to l spring S26 hearingagainst the cam S and through the cam S presslngagainst. pin 28 ot rodQ. 'lher .\t`ore when the rod 97 is released the cam S shil'ts entirelyclear ot" uut l!) and permits the vulve fito heeome seated. `A fter thecam S is so rotation ot its shaft t) h v electromagnetic means withinthe controller 15 will not atleet the position of valve 3 and thereforethe oil burner cannot function. Y 'y' 'The operation of the shut-ottmeans is defrom the hurneehead 1.1 into a cup-37 hung Vtrom the end ot'alever 38; Y `The eup' 'and lever 38 are normally held in the position'indicated in Figure?) hvweight Rt) at the.

lever.V Wh en this opposite end of thedueto oil collecting weight isoverhalanced in cup 87, the leverfin' rocking turnstlatch plunger 36 sothat apn/t() passing'through the plunger registers with 'openingy 81 inhearing' hraeket'ffl- The pin 4() is normallv seated in a-slotf'tfl(Figure the" inner face of lever 88. This lever is pivotshi fted. any

7) ill boss 44 on slightly offset at the bottom tol provide af i burner.

all y supported on the latch plunger' 36. When ythe lever isoverhalancedby the weight-0f oil collecting in cup 37 through thel pin40, it. rocks the plunger 36 until the pin registers with the slot 41 inthe hearing.. rlhen4 the lever rocks away from its normal posi` tion,the motor circuit will he opened irre-. spective of the position ofother controlling switches therefor.

The burnershead 1=1 is constructed as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and is ofc vlindrical form and the flow of.fuel and air through the conduits 6and 12 is tangential to the cylinder in order to guide the fuel and airinto a swirling path before the flame leaves the opening 46 incover-plate 47 of the burner. The burner-head .is also preferablyprovided with `a conical inlet 48 surrounding the outlet of conduit 6.and forming a continuation of the tubular extension 49 connecting theburner-head with air conduit 12. The inlet member 48 is pocket 50. intowhich the fuel oil may drip and from which it is evaporated by the heatconducted theretoby ythe burner-head. If

combustion is for any reason accidentally discontinued and the oilcontinues to-.drip into the member 48 it will first overllow from thismember into the outlet 51 .at the bottom of the tubular. extension 49:ofthe drain pipe 52 having an outlet 53 over the cup 37. As soon assufficient oil is collected in the cup, weight 39 is overbalanced andthe operation of the lburnerdiscontinued as previously described. Theconduit '53V is preferably provided with a'branch '54 com-v municatingwith the bottom of the burnerhead 11 in order to drain away anyfuel oil'should the same collect-at this oint.

The maximum supply of fuel 1s controlled by valve 55 (Figure 1) and thenormal -wideopen position of valve 3 would ordinarily allow the maximumlflow of fuel permitted at. 55. The minimum supply is regulated by thenormal setting of valve 3. This may When the device is first set up andvcharged with fuel,` it is desirable to release the air from diaphrachamber 4 and allow this to completely ll up with oil.

This is done by shutting oE'valve 55`and` This outlet communicates .withaV pressing against un'screwing the air vent 56 (Figures 9 and In theoperation of the device minimum heat requirements are provided for byadjustment through screw 57 of valve 3 lwhich is normally held from itsseat b vcam 8 as indicated in -Figure 9 with the flat part of the camopposite nut 19.- Fuel flows from supply conduit 1 past valve 3 and intothe conduit 6 to the burner-head and is vaporized in the burner by heatconducted thereby and the heat radiated from thc flame.E The air 'supplyis drawn through the conduitv 12 by the natural draft created bycombustion.

If the thermostatic control means operates to turn on the motor byrotating shaft 9 one hundred and eighty degrees, a high portion of cam 8presses against nut 19 and shifts vvalve 3 Vto its Wideopen position,thus allowing a maximum lflow of fuel as determined by the settingr ofvalve 55 (Figure 1 The, additional air required is then forced throughthe 4conduit 12 by the blower 17. When the thermostatic control deviceagain turns the shaftl) so that the flat. part of vcam Scomes oppositenut 19 the minimum fuel flow restored and at the same time the motorcircuit is opened by the `thermostatic control means.

In a case of failure yof combustion, the oil, drippinginto the bottomofthe burnerhead or into the conical part 38 thereof, is drained out ofthe burner-head into lcup 37 sults in this lever oscillating the latchplunger 36 so that its pin ,40 registers with t'he slot 41 and theplunger springs away from the weight 35 allowing this weight to strikecollar 34 on the rod 30 and lower the latter away from the rod 27. Thenthecam 8 and the rod 27 are projected outwardly by -by the rocking oflever 38.

Although but one specific embodiment o f thisi invent-ion has beenhereinshown and described, it will be understood that numerous detailsof the construction shown may bel altered or omitted without vdepartingfrom lthe spirit` of thisinvention as defined by the following claims..

I claimz' I 1. lIn a.` burner of the class described, a cylindricalburner-.head closed at-the bottom and having an openin less diameterthan the diameter of the burner-head, and a fuel and. air inletenteruing the side of the burner-head in antan enltial direction inorder to produce'a swir ing motion of the fuel and air within theburnerhead and to the llame, said fuel and air at the top of inletcomprising a conduit for air* and a'.

conduit for `fuel inside the air conduit, said air conduit terminatingin a nozzle gradaally reduced in diameter toward its discharge end, saidnozzle being formed to provide a receiving pocket for the unatomizedfuel at itslovver side, a fuel operated shutofl' device for the fuel,and a conduit leading from said pocket to said fuel operated shut-offdevice.

2. An oil burner comprising a burnerhead, fuel and air conduits leadingthereto,

ated when the valve is in position for maximum flow and is stopped whenthe valve is 1n posltlon for mlnlmum flow, the means for' operating saidvalve including a diaphragm cooperating With the stem of 'the valve anda cam for shifting said diaphragm.

3. A liquid fuel burner of the class described comprising a burner-head,means for delivering fuel and air under pressure to said burner-head, a`valve for controlling the How of fuel, said-valve being movable withina casing and said casino beine' sealed by a diaphragm coacting with saidvalve, a cam for shiftin said diaphragm, thermostatically contro ledmeans for operatin l ysaid cam, a spring opposing the. action o said camand normally urging said valve` toward lts seat, and means de endent foro eration u on fallureof com ustion for s ifting sai cam intoinoperative position,

, whereby said spring may act to seat the valve.

4. A liquid fuel burner of the class,de Y1925 scribed. comprisin alburner-head, mleans for delivering fue and air under pressureopposingthe'action of said cam and normally urgin said valve toward itsseat, and means or shifting said cam inno 1noperative position wherebysaid spring may act to seat the valve` said means comprising a springfor shifting said cam, means for normally preventing the operation ofsaid spring, said means comprising a vertical rod Amounted for vmotionin thedirection of its length and a spring for normally .holding the rodin its upper position, a weight slidable yalong said rod, means normallyretaining the yveightagainst lmovement downjwardly along ythe rod ;v acollar on the rod which may be engaged for the urpose of shifting therod toreleasing position when said weight is` released, means forshifting said Weight retaining means to releasing po,- sition, saidmeans including a lever and'a cup hung from said lever and adapted tooverbalancethe same by the Weight of the fuel collected in said cup.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising a burner-head and fuel and airfeeding means,

a valve for controlling the feed of fuel and a shut-oft' mechanism forsaid valve, said 'shut-ofi" mechanism including-a releasable Weight andconnections for permitting the valve to move to closed position, aplunger normally retaining said Weight against motion, a springforYshifting said plunger to releasing position, means retaining saidplunger against operation comprising a pivoted lever from vwhich is hunga fuel collecting cup, said lever being dependent for operation upon theWeight of the fuel in the cup. l

, vSigned at Chicago this 22nd dayofdune,

ROBERT LAWRENCE DoRAN.

